Which injury is most likely to develop compartment syndrome?

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when increased pressure within a confined body space compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space. One of the most common injuries associated with the development of compartment syndrome is a closed tibia fracture.

A closed tibia fracture can lead to swelling and increased pressure in the leg's compartments, particularly in the anterior, lateral, and deep posterior compartments. The tibia is a long bone located in the lower leg, which is surrounded by fascial compartments that are not very expandable. When the fracture occurs, bleeding and inflammation can increase tissue pressure, potentially compromising blood flow and leading to muscle and nerve damage.

In contrast, the other options may also lead to complications but are less commonly associated with compartment syndrome. For example, knee hyperextension typically affects ligaments and does not create the same risk of compartment pressure. While an open radius fracture and an ankle dislocation can cause swelling, they usually do not involve the specific compartments of the leg that are typically implicated in compartment syndrome. Thus, the closed tibia fracture stands out as the injury most likely to develop compartment syndrome due to the anatomical and physiological factors involved.